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1 Jolly-Bellin, Jean-Baptiste
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]fl. c.1850 France[br]French pioneer in dry-cleaning.[br]Until the mid-nineteenth century, washing with soap and water was the only way to clean clothes; with woollen fabrics in particular, it was more common to dye them to a darker colour to conceal the dirt. In about 1850, Jean-Baptiste Jolly-Bellin, a Paris tailor, spilt some camphene, a kind of turpentine, on an article belonging to his wife and found that the area stained by the spirit was cleaner than the rest. He opened up a business for "Nettoyage à sec", the first dry-cleaning business. The garments had to be unstitched before being brushed with camphene and were then sewn together again.[br]Further ReadingI.McNeil (ed.), 1990, An Encyclopaedia of the History of Technology, London: Routledge (provides an account of the development of methods of cleaning garments).RLHBiographical history of technology > Jolly-Bellin, Jean-Baptiste
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2 Anthelm, Ludwig
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]fl. 1897, Germany[br]German who used carbon tetrachloride as a dry-cleaning agent.[br]Until the mid-nineteenth century, washing with soap and water was the only way to clean clothes. Around 1850 a kind of turpentine, camphene, began to be used (see J.B. Jolly- Bellin), but this necessitated taking the garments apart and resewing together after they had been cleaned. When benzene was introduced in 1866 by Pullars of Perth, Scotland, garments no longer needed to be taken apart. In 1897 Ludwig Anthelm of Leipzig started to use carbon tetrachloride (tetrachloromethane); however this was found to corrode the equipment and was dangerous to breathe, and it was replaced in Britain with trichlorethylene in 1918.[br]Further ReadingI.McNeil (ed.), 1990, An Encyclopaedia of the History of Technology, London: Routledge, p. 854 (an account of the introduction of dry-cleaning).RLH -
3 Textiles
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Dore, Samuel GriswoldHeilmann, JosuéLevers, JohnLister, Samuel CunliffeMa JunSong Yingxing
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